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Jan Tomáš Forman (; born 18 February 1932), known as Miloš Forman ((:ˈmɪloʃ ˈforman), ), is a Czech film director, screenwriter, actor, and professor, who until 1968 lived and worked primarily in the former Czechoslovakia. Forman was one of the most important directors of the Czechoslovak New Wave. His 1967 film ''The Fireman's Ball'', on the surface a naturalistic representation of an ill-fated social event in a provincial town, was seen by both movie scholars and authorities in Czechoslovakia as a biting satire on Eastern European Communism, resulting in it being banned for many years in Forman's home country. Since Forman left Czechoslovakia, two of his films, ''One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'' and ''Amadeus'', have acquired particular renown, both gaining him an Academy Award for Best Director. ''One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'' was the second to win all five major Academy Awards (Best Picture, Actor in Leading Role, Actress in Leading Role, Director, and Screenplay) following ''It Happened One Night'' in 1934, an accomplishment not repeated until 1991 by ''The Silence of the Lambs''. Forman was also nominated for a Best Director Oscar for ''The People vs. Larry Flynt''. He has also won Golden Globe, Cannes, Berlinale, BAFTA, Cesar, David di Donatello, European Film Academy, and Czech Lion awards.〔(List of Milos Forman nominations ). Awardsdatabase.oscars.org (January 29, 2010). Retrieved on June 23, 2011.〕 ==Personal life== Forman was born in Čáslav, Czechoslovakia (present-day Czech Republic), the son of Anna (née Švábová), who ran a summer hotel. When young, he believed his biological father to be Rudolf Forman, a professor.〔(Milos Forman Biography (1932–) ). Filmreference.com. Retrieved on June 23, 2011.〕 Both Anna and Rudolf Forman were Protestants. During the Nazi occupation, a member of the anti-Nazi Underground named Rudolf Forman as a member of the Underground while being interrogated by the Gestapo.〔Wakeman, John. World Film Directors, Volume 2. H. W. Wilson Company. 1988. 349–356.〕 Rudolf was arrested for distributing banned books and died in Buchenwald in 1944. Forman's mother died in Auschwitz in 1943.〔Tugend, Tom. (July 19, 2007) (Milos Forman directs Natalie Portman in ‘Goya’s Ghosts’—film melds art tour and history | Arts ). Jewish Journal. Retrieved on June 23, 2011.〕 Forman has stated that he did not fully understand what had happened to them until he saw footage of the concentration camps when he was 16.〔 Forman lived with relatives during World War II〔 and later discovered that his biological father was in fact a Jewish architect, Otto Kohn, a survivor of the Holocaust.〔(Turnaround Review – Milos Forman – Salem on Literature ). Enotes.com. Retrieved on June 23, 2011.〕 He has a brother, Pavel Forman, 12 years older, a Czech painter who, after the 1968 invasion, emigrated to Australia. In his youth, he wanted to become a theatrical producer, bypassing theater. Through his biological father, he is a half-brother of mathematician Joseph J. Kohn. After the war, Forman attended the elite King George boarding school in the spa town Poděbrady, where his fellow students included Václav Havel, the Mašín brothers and future film-makers Ivan Passer and Jerzy Skolimowski.〔(I Had a Wild Life ). The Guardian. Retrieved on June 23, 2011.〕 He later studied screenwriting at the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague. He was assistant of Alfred Radok, creator of Laterna Magika. During the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in summer 1968, he left Europe for the United States. Forman's first wife was Czech movie star Jana Brejchová. They met during the making of the movie ''Štěňata'' (1957). They divorced in 1962. Forman has twin sons with his second wife, Czech actress Věra Křesadlová-Formanová. They separated in 1969. Both sons, Petr Forman and Matěj Forman, born 1964, are involved in the theatre. Then Forman married Martina Zbořilová on November 28, 1999. They also have twin sons, Jim and Andy (born 1999, named for comics Jim Carrey and Andy Kaufman), and reside in Connecticut, USA. In 2006, he received the Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award presented by the Prague Society for International Cooperation. He is a professor emeritus at Columbia University.〔(Milos Forman page at Columbia University ). Directory.columbia.edu. Retrieved on June 23, 2011.〕 The asteroid 11333 Forman was named after Forman. In 2009 a documentary film about Forman directed by Miloš Šmídmajer was produced – ''Miloš Forman: Co te nezabije...''. Forman has written poems and published an autobiography called ''Turnaround''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Miloš Forman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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